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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Slightly off topic - but this soil testing kit was
developed at Bath University, UK, specially for earth construction in
developing countries (including conservation repairs) - all parts easily
replaceable off the beaten track. It only became available this
year.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/research/cicm/low-carbon-materials/low-cost-test-kit-construction-apps.html">http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/research/cicm/low-carbon-materials/low-cost-test-kit-construction-apps.html</A></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>I'm not sure if tests for salts or PH are included
- but all of the other characteristics necessary to make a judgement on soil
suitability can be tested. It might be of interest to some of you.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Regards</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Feile</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
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<DIV><B><SPAN
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style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Arial">é</SPAN></SPAN>ile
Butler</SPAN></B></DIV>
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class=MsoNormal><SPAN><STRONG><FONT size=1 face=Arial>MRIAI B.Arch Dip. Arch
Conservation Grade III</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #990000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=4 face="Courier New">Mud and Wood</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1>Grange Beg, Skreen, </FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1>Co. Sligo, Ireland</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B> </P>
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 5"><FONT
size=1></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"></SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><O:P><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN><O:P><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN><O:P><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN><O:P><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><STRONG>T:
+353 (0) 71 930 0488<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN><o:p><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN><o:p><STRONG>M: +353 (0) 86 806
8382</STRONG></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
style="LINE-HEIGHT: normal; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt; TEXT-AUTOSPACE: ; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none; punctuation-wrap: simple"
class=MsoNormal><SPAN><o:p><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><o:p><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #990000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><o:p><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><STRONG>E
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style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=derek@unm.edu href="mailto:derek@unm.edu">Derek Stearns Roff</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=GSBN@sustainablesources.com
href="mailto:GSBN@sustainablesources.com">Global Straw Building Network</A>
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, August 29, 2013 2:30
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [GSBN] Follow up re mesh in
clay</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>As you will see below, a few of us have had a bit of off-list discussion
on steel mesh in clay. Martin thought this might be of interest to some
on the GSBN list, so here it is. </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Derek</DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>On Aug 29, 2013, at 12:47 AM, martin hammer wrote:</DIV><BR
class=Apple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Hi Derek,<BR><BR>Thanks
very much for taking the time to answer Dmitry’s questions with such careful
thought. People on the GSBN might also be interested in what you had
to say, but I’ll leave it up to you if you want to post it (probably along
with Dmitry’s questions) on the
GSBN.<BR><BR>Best.<BR><BR>Martin<BR><BR><BR>On 8/27/13 9:05 PM, "Derek Roff"
<<A href="x-msg://11/derek@unm.edu">derek@unm.edu</A>>
wrote:<BR><BR></SPAN></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Hi,
Dmitry and Martin,<BR><BR>I'm happy to try and answer your follow up
questions, although I don't want to give the impression that I am an
authority. I have researched these questions out of my own interest,
and revisited some of them in greater detail, in response to Martin's
questions. I have not done any formal research on this myself, but
am drawing from my modest building experience, and from Internet research
resources. <BR><BR>Your question on testing soil in developing
countries is an interesting one. I don't know how available testing
materials would be in various locations. For testing pH, I think it
could be reasonable to transport the needed pH paper. pH paper is
inexpensive, and a single $10 roll could test perhaps a hundred soil
samples. pH paper can be very accurate. Electronic pH meters
are another possibility. Some are available for under $100. A
problem with electronic meters is that they require calibration, normally
with carefully prepared calibration fluids of certified pH. That
makes the process rather more complex for mobile, field operations.
<BR><BR>Testing for salts is not so simple as using pH paper, but
there are electronic soil salinity meters for around $100-$200.
There are a few that cost less, including this one at $15.59.
<A
href="http://www.amazon.com/HM-Digital-TDS-EZ-Measurement-Resolution/dp/B002C0A7ZY/ref=pd_sim_sbs_lg_2">http://www.amazon.com/HM-Digital-TDS-EZ-Measurement-Resolution/dp/B002C0A7ZY/ref=pd_sim_sbs_lg_2</A>
I can't vouch for its accuracy, but perhaps it
would be sufficient for our building purposes. Alternatively, soil
testing is one of the fundamentals of improving agriculture, so in many
locations, it might be possible to have soil tested locally by an
agricultural extension agency or laboratory. This could be a good
way to connect with the local economy and researchers. <BR><BR>On
your second point, I may have not communicated clearly in my earlier
message. For galvanized steel, the zinc coating will, of course,
corrode first, both because it coats the steel, and because it is intended
to be a sacrificial coating. I would think that galvanized steel
would always last longer than bare steel, but it will cost more, and not
be as widely available. A separate point that I was trying to make,
is that with bare steel in concrete, the rate of corrosion will increase
if some other (non-reinforcing) galvanized steel or aluminum (or another
metal) is also embedded in the concrete, or attached, nearby. This
can happen when concrete reinforced with normal, bare reinforcing steel
also has galvanized or aluminum flashing, anchors, awnings, roofing,
decking, or other metal objects embedded in the concrete or attached to
it. These dissimilar metals can set up an electrical potential, in
effect turning the concrete into a simple battery. The tiny current
flow will increase the corrosion rate of the bare steel. This is
sometimes called galvanic corrosion. It would not happen in clay
with a fairly neutral pH, that is free of salts and other electrolytes.
It would happen in an acid soil, or one with salts. However,
earthen plasters/bricks/cob are likely to be less electrically conductive
than concrete, even when they have a similar salinity, so I would expect
the galvanic corrosion to be less in clay. <BR><BR>Increasing the pH
of the earthen material in contact with the steel will decrease the
corrosion rate. However, the effect is most significant at really
high pH values, pH 11 or above. Reaching this pH level would require
a lot of lime, which would be very expensive. If the clay soil used
for the earthen mixes was mildly acidic, it might be reasonable to add
enough lime to get the mix into the alkaline range (above pH 7).
Clays and limes vary, so every local soil and lime mix must be
tested to make sure it bonds well without too much cracking.
<BR><BR>Your final question is one that I am curious about, in
relation to clay plasters with steel. The research shows that steel
corrosion in concrete increases in wetter climates, since it increases the
electrical activity of the concrete. I wonder if the same would be
true for steel in clay, assuming non-acid, non-salty clay. These
clays are less conductive and great moisture buffers. I want to
believe that they would protect the steel more, but I don't have any
evidence to support this, beyond seeing some very old steel embedded in
old adobe houses, with quite modest corrosion levels. <BR><BR>I hope
some of this is useful.<BR><BR>Best wishes,<BR>Derek<BR><BR>On Aug 26,
2013, at 5:04 PM, Dmitry Ozeryansky wrote:<BR><BR></SPAN></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Hello Derek, <BR>Thank you for your very
informative reply to our question!<BR><BR>May I ask you a few brief
follow ups?<BR></SPAN></FONT>
<UL>
<LI><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">If we were to
recommend use of steel mesh in clay plaster for developing countries,
are there simple tests for salts and pH that we could/should prescribe
to determine if local subsoil is adequate? </SPAN></FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">You say that zinc
corrodes faster than steel in concrete, is that also true for clay?
</SPAN></FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Would you propose
adding lime to the plaster mix to further reduce the rate of
corrosion? </SPAN></FONT>
<LI><FONT face=Arial><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Do you think that
wet climates would significantly increase the rate of corrosion?
<BR></SPAN></FONT></LI></UL><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Best regards,<BR><BR>Dmitry
Ozeryansky<BR><BR></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT
face="Arial Black"><B>OZERYANSKY ENGINEERING</B></FONT><FONT face=Arial>
<BR><A href="http://www.ozerengineering.com">www.ozerengineering.com</A>
<<A
href="http://www.ozerengineering.com/">http://www.ozerengineering.com/</A>>
<BR><BR>2254 Nelson Ave<BR>Memphis, TN 38104<BR>office:
901-305-6540<BR>cell: 510-287-6115<BR><BR></FONT><FONT
face="Arial Black">South Main Retrofit Initiative<BR></FONT><FONT
face=Arial><A
href="http://www.southmain-retrofit.org">www.southmain-retrofit.org</A>
<<A
href="http://www.southmain-retrofit.org/">http://www.southmain-retrofit.org/</A>>
<BR></FONT></SPAN></BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><FONT
face=Arial><BR></FONT></SPAN><FONT size=5><FONT
face="Helvetica, Verdana, Arial"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Derek
Roff<BR><A
href="x-msg://11/derek@unm.edu">derek@unm.edu</A><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT></FONT><FONT
face=Arial><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><BR><BR></SPAN></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR>
<DIV><SPAN
style="WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LETTER-SPACING: normal; BORDER-COLLAPSE: separate; FONT: medium Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
class=Apple-style-span>Derek Roff<BR><A
href="mailto:derek@unm.edu">derek@unm.edu</A><BR><BR></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<P>
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