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<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>There are soil tests which can measure the amount
of radon present, but these prove inaccurate in predicting what the radon levels
in a finished house will be. So they are not recommended.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>In Ireland, a nationwide survey was carried out of
randomly selected houses in 10km2 grids. The results from these surveys were
turned into a radon map. In high radon areas, over 20% of the houses tested had
unacceptable levels of radon. So if you live in one of these areas, it is highly
recommended that you get your house tested. For new-builds it is recommended
that you carry out the test shortly after you move in. There is not much point
in testing before the house is occupied, as ventilation levels within the
house will naturally increase once the occupants move in.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>It is true that levels above 400 Bq/m3 are not so
common (as John said) - but they are common enough to cause concern, in this
country anyway. For example, of 54,000 houses surveyed, 6,828 had radon levels
between 200 Bq/m3 and 799 Bq/m3. 814 had radon levels of 800 Bq/m3 and above.
Looking at the worst cases on a county by county basis, the average was in the
region of 3,128 Bq/m3.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Looking at my own county (which is a high radon
county) - 75% of houses surveyed were ok. 21% had levels 200 - 799 Bq/m3.
4% had level over 800 Bq/m3. The worst case was 5,600 Bq/m3.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>In Ireland, lung cancer is the second biggest
killer at 6%. It is estmated that about 12% of these deaths are caused by radon
exposure.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Testing is carried out by placing two palm-sized
detectors in the main bedroom and the living room (the rooms most occupied). The
detectors contain a plastic film. When radon particles strike against the
film, they etch into it. After 3 months, the detectors are returned to a
laboratory. By analysing the number of etch marks, they can work out the radon
levels for that house. Radon testing is not a requirement here, but it is
recommended. Particularly if you live in a high radon area according to the
national radon map.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>When I talk about a sub-floor - I mean the
compacted crushed rock zone immediately under a typical ground floor concrete
slab (or limecrete or cob floor). The top of a radon sump will lie against the
underside of the floor slab (or the underside of the insulation if this is where
the insulation is located). With internal loadbearing walls, there will be
foundations in this zone - so it is important to remember to build air-bridges
in the foundations, even though they are buried within the crushed rock
layer.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>With the suspended ground floor over a crawl space,
where the area under the floor is essentially closed in on all sides, there
still can be an issue. Making sure that there are air-bricks and that they are
not blocked up will help. Also making sure they are logically located to get
good cross-ventilation and eliminate dead spaces will also help. There are
plastic air "bricks" available which have a greater open surface than standard
clay air-bricks. According to the RPII, good natural ventilation below a
suspended floor is effective up to 700 Bq/m3. Adding a fan will increase
effectiveness up to 900 Bq/m3.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>If you were to build a completely elevated
suspended floor, using the space underneath for storage, etc (like the
Australian Queenslanders), then ventilation would not be an issue at all. (But
you might have a problem with disability access regulations).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Regarding breathable floors - radon and damp proof
membranes are vapour tight and are not recommended for use with vapour diffuse
floor materials. Particularly in conservation work, but also in new-builds where
clients want as many natural, vapur permeable materials as possible, we install
limecrete and even mud floors. We use compatible breathable insulations - such
as LECA (lightweight expanded clay aggregate) and rely on French drains and
drained foundations and sub-floors to cope with ground moisture, rather
than inserting damp proof membranes. It is especially important in conservation
work, as damp proof membranes often only serve to push ground moisture into the
base of existing walls. I have seen a few "renovated and upgraded" houses with
lovely mushroom crops at the base of their internal walls, following the
installation of a dpm.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Feile</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P
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class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt">F<SPAN
style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Arial"><SPAN
style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Arial">é</SPAN></SPAN>ile
Butler</SPAN></B></P>
<P
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class=MsoNormal><SPAN><STRONG><FONT size=1 face=Arial>MRIAI B.Arch Dip. Arch
Conservation Grade III</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"></SPAN><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #990000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=4 face="Courier New">Mud and Wood</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P
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class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #990000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"></SPAN></B><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1>Grange Beg, Skreen, </FONT></SPAN></B><B><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
size=1>Co. Sligo, Ireland</FONT></SPAN></B></P>
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size=1></FONT></SPAN></B> </P>
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size=1><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN><SPAN
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"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><O:P><SPAN
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<P
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><STRONG>T:
+353 (0) 71 930 0488<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</SPAN></STRONG></SPAN></O:P></SPAN></P>
<P
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"></SPAN><o:p><STRONG>M: +353 (0) 86 806
8382</STRONG></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><o:p><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #990000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><o:p><FONT
color=#000000><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><STRONG>E
: </STRONG><STRONG></STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-IE><A href=""><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"
lang=EN-US><STRONG><FONT color=#0066cc
size=1>feile@mudandwood.com</FONT></STRONG></SPAN></A></SPAN></FONT></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></P>
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style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><o:p><STRONG><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #990000; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><o:p><SPAN
lang=EN-IE></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt"><FONT
color=#000000>W:<FONT size=1> </FONT><A href="http://www.mudandwood.com"><FONT
color=#0066cc
size=1>www.mudandwood.com</FONT></A></FONT></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></STRONG></o:p></SPAN></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
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