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    Hi Alfred,<br>
    <br>
    The creation of bale buildings that address infiltration has been my
    main focus for the past few years of design/build, and we've got it
    down pretty well now. Our last blower door test had 1.2 ACH/50, and
    afterwards we realized that the plumbing stack was open! So the
    walls and wall junctions were really tight. The house we did for
    Habitat for Humanity last year
    <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://endeavourcentre.com/our-portfolio/habitat-for-humanity-house/">http://endeavourcentre.com/our-portfolio/habitat-for-humanity-house/</a>
    had some issues around the straw/clay walls we did, but the bale
    walls were tight and the house ended up at 2.1 ACH/50.<br>
    <br>
    In particular, I've been focusing on how to achieve this level of
    air tightness without lots of yucky "product." For the bale walls,
    here's what we do:<br>
    <br>
    - a strip of air barrier runs along the top edge of the wall,
    running along the bales, under a strip of mesh, so that the barrier
    is covered by the plaster and ties into the barrier in the ceiling.
    This is the biggest leaky place in most bale buildings.<br>
    - depending on the floor/foundation type, we'll use a similar
    strategy at the bottom of the wall for wooden floor systems or good
    sill gasketing and a caulk line on the interior and exterior edges
    for slabs.<br>
    - at windows, we don't use spray foam but a light mix of hempcrete
    to seal around the windows. Barrier strips are used here too under
    the plaster seam.<br>
    - electrical outlets get site-made barrier "hats" and we caulk
    around the wire once it's been put through the barrier. We've also
    used the plastic "R-2000" electrical boxes but we don't trust the
    neoprene seal for the wire and caulk these too.<br>
    <br>
    It's really pretty darn easy to get a bale wall air tight. The
    beauty of the continuous plaster is that there aren't that many
    seams, and the ones that do exist are easy to predict and do
    something about! It's a much less difficult and troublesome process
    than making a frame house air tight.<br>
    <br>
    As a side note, the prefab panels we've been making have these
    barrier "tails" already embedded and ready for joining to other
    building elements.<br>
    <br>
    The insulation value question is about to come and haunt us in
    Ontario too. In January, the codes here raise the required R-values
    and I'm sure we'll be facing some questions from plans reviewers who
    use the lowest possible figures that are out there. I'm hoping that
    we can set up some full-scale testing here to get good figures on a
    full wall panel, and of course we'll share any results we get.<br>
    <br>
    Chris "Starving for Air" Magwood<br>
    <br>
    On 11-10-03 11:49 AM, Alfred von Bachmayr wrote:
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:81846E91713A4656A352C34FEBB0931D@AlfredDesktop"
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                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">Greetings
                          all,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">Thank
                          you for
                          including me in this elite group of building
                          scholars.  <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">I
                          wanted to get
                          feedback on some performance aspects of
                          strawbale building that I have been
                          confronted with by energy modeling and
                          regulatory entities that question its thermal
                          performance.  This resistance appeared when I
                          contracted a Hers rater
                          along with mechanical engineers who, in
                          generating thermal models of a strawbale
                          building I had designed, consistently gave it
                          low ratings for R-value and
                          infiltration.  In researching the R-value they
                          had given to the walls, I found
                          that from the resources they had found, the
                          value was somewhere between R-23
                          and R-27.  I got a copy of the newly proposed
                          International Green
                          Conservation Code and found they rated bales
                          laid flat at R-1.3 per inch and on
                          edge R-2.  That equates to R-23.4 for flat
                          bales (2 string) and R-28 for
                          bales (2-string) on edge.  I don’t think this
                          gives and accurate
                          performance prediction of  the building.  In
                          addition they considered
                          the buildings to have high infiltration losses
                          because of their opinion that
                          they cannot be tightly sealed.  Their models
                          indicated that the building
                          could not be considered high performance due
                          to the use of the straw thereby
                          making my job of getting the building to the
                          required Hers rating value much
                          more difficult.  I am thinking I am not alone
                          in this problem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">This
                          made me realize
                          that we need to generate more convincing
                          documentation as to the performance
                          and design detailing of straw buildings. 
                          There appears to be little
                          resources out there that engineering
                          professionals access that address the
                          infiltration and insulation values of straw. 
                          This is important because without
                          a sufficient HERS rating and a positive blower
                          door test (now being required in
                          many jurisdictions) a permit and/or a CO will
                          not be issued.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">What
                          I would like to
                          hear from you all is the location of resources
                          documenting tight houses out of
                          straw (like the passive houses) and specific
                          techniques you have used to tightly
                          seal up straw buildings.  Specifically what
                          techniques have you used to seal
                          around the windows and doors, at the bottom
                          and top of the walls and at penetrations
                          of the interior finish skins for electrical
                          boxes.  Are there buildings
                          out there that have gotten their HHI ratings
                          down below 2 BTU/SF/DD?  If
                          so what techniques did they use and what
                          insulation and infiltration rates were
                          used?  <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">Thank
                          you for your
                          help.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">Saludos,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon">Alfred<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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                        color="maroon"><span
                          style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:maroon"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Georgia" size="2"
                        color="teal"><span style="font-size:
                          10.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:teal">VON
                          BACHMAYR ARCHITECTS LLC</span></font><font
                        color="maroon"><span style="color:maroon"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address
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                            color="teal"><span
                              style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Georgia;
                              color:teal">1406 Bishops Lodge Rd.</span></font></st1:address></st1:street><font
                        color="maroon"><span style="color:maroon"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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                            <st1:state w:st="on">NM</st1:state> <st1:postalcode
                              w:st="on">87506</st1:postalcode></span></font></st1:place><font
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                        color="#008040"><span
                          style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:#008040"><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:vbarch@comcast.net">vbarch@comcast.net</a></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
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                  <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
                </o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></o:smarttagtype></blockquote>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.chrismagwood.ca">www.chrismagwood.ca</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.endeavourcentre.org">www.endeavourcentre.org</a></pre>
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